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Chapter 5. Data Types
65
5.2 Variables
A variable is a symbolic name that refers to a unit of data storage. The contents of a variable
can change during program execution.
5.2.1 Types of Variables according to Format
Variables are classified into two types: string variables and numeric variables, each of which
is subclassified into non-array and array types.
Classification of
Variables
Example
ab3$ String
variables
Non-array
type
e$(10)
Array type
One-dimensional
gh$(1,3)
Two-dimensional
a% Numeric
variables
Integer
variables
Non-array
type
e%(10)
Array type
One-dimensional
fg%(2,3)
Two-dimensional
a,bcd
Real
variables
Non-array
type
e (10)
Array type
One-dimensional
fg (2,3)
Two-dimensional
Array variables should be declared in any of the DIM, COMMON, and DEFREG statements.
Note that the DIM statement should precede statements that will access the array variable.
BHT-BASIC can handle array variables up to two-dimensional.
The subscript range for an array variable is from 0 to 254.
[ 1 ] String Variables
A string variable should consist of 1 through 255 characters.
• Non
NonNon
Non-
--
-array string variable
array string variablearray string variable
array string variables
ss
s
A non-array string variable should be formatted with an identifier followed by a dollar
sign ($) as shown below.
Syntax: identifier$
Example: a$,bcd123$
The default number of characters for a non-array string variable is 40.
• Array string variables
An array string variable should be formatted with an identifier followed by a dollar sign
($) and a pair of parentheses () as shown below.
Syntax: identifier$(subscript[,subscript])
Example: a$(2),bcd123$(1,3)
Where a pair of parentheses indicates an array.
The default number of characters for an array string variable is 20.
- Preface 3
- How this book is organized 4
- Chapter 1 9
- 1.1 Software Overview 10
- 1.1.2 Overview of BHT-BASIC 12
- 1.2 BHT-BASIC 13
- BHT-BASIC 3.0? 14
- 1.3 Program Development and 16
- Execution 16
- Chapter 2 17
- 2.1 Overview of Development 19
- Environment 19
- 2.1.2 Required Software 20
- 2.2 Overview of Developing 21
- Procedures 21
- Production Procedure 26
- [ 1 ] Select a source file 27
- [ 1 ] Create a new project 28
- in the toolbar 33
- [ 2 ] Compiling 34
- [ 3 ] Building 34
- Main Window 36
- 2.4.7 Options 38
- [ 2 ] Linking options 39
- [ 4 ] Outputting list files 40
- [ 5 ] Outputting a mapfile 43
- Command Line 45
- [ 2 ] Options 46
- Description 47
- 2.5 Downloading 52
- 2.6.1 Starting 53
- 2.6.2 Execution 53
- 2.6.3 Termination 53
- Chapter 3 54
- 3.1 Program Overview 55
- Jump into Jump out 57
- 3.2 Handling User Programs 58
- 3.2.3 Included Files 59
- Chapter 4 60
- [ 1 ] Labels 61
- [ 2 ] Statements 62
- [ 3 ] Comments 62
- 4.1.2 Program Line Length 63
- 4.2 Usable Characters 64
- 4.3 Labels 67
- 4.4 Identifiers 68
- 4.5 Reserved Words 69
- Chapter 5 70
- 5.1 Constants 71
- 5.2 Variables 73
- [ 2 ] Numeric Variables 74
- 5.3 User-defined Functions 76
- 5.4 Type Conversion 77
- 5.5 Scope of Variables 79
- 5.5.2 Local Variables 81
- 5.5.4 Common Variables 83
- Chapter 6 84
- 6.1 Overview 85
- 6.2 Operator Precedence 86
- 6.3 Operators 87
- 6.3.2 Relational Operators 88
- 6.3.3 Logical Operators 89
- [ 2 ] The AND operator 90
- [ 3 ] The OR operator 90
- [ 4 ] The XOR operator 90
- 6.3.4 Function Operators 91
- 6.3.5 String Operators 91
- Chapter 7 93
- 7.1.1 Display Fonts 94
- 7.1.3 Dot Patterns of Fonts 100
- Same Screen 105
- 7.1.6 VRAM 107
- 7.1.7 Displaying the System 109
- 7.2 Input from the Keyboard 112
- [ 1 ] Auto-repeat 114
- [ 2 ] Shift key 114
- 7.3 Timer and Beeper 115
- Chapter 8 118
- 8.1 File Overview 119
- 8.2 Data Files 120
- Information 122
- 8.2.6 About Drives 125
- 8.3 Bar Code Device 126
- 8.4 Communications Device 130
- [ 1 ] BHT-protocol 132
- [ 2 ] BHT-Ir protocol 133
- 8.4.5 File Transfer Tools 134
- Chapter 9 135
- 9.1 Overview 136
- 9.2 Event Polling 137
- 9.3 Error Trapping 139
- [ 1 ] Overview 141
- Chapter 10 143
- 10.1 Sleep Function 144
- Chapter 11 145
- 11.1 Resume Function 146
- Chapter 12 147
- 12.1 Low Battery Warning 148
- 12.2 Prohibited Simultaneous 148
- Operation of the Beeper 148
- Illumination LED, and LCD 148
- Backlight 148
- 12.3 Wakeup Function 149
- 12.4 Remote Wakeup Function 150
- [2] Remote wakeup operation 151
- [3] Remote wakeup program 154
- Chapter 13 157
- 13.1 Backlight Function 158
- Chapter 14 160
- DECLARE 183
- DEF FN…END DEF 189
- FOR…NEXT 203
- FUNCTION…END FUNCTION 205
- IF…THEN…ELSE…END IF 215
- INPUT # 220
- KEY ON and KEY OFF 226
- LINE INPUT 236
- LINE INPUT # 238
- ON ERROR GOTO 243
- ON…GOSUB, ON…GOTO 244
- ON KEY…GOSUB 246
- OPEN "BAR: " 250
- □Universal product codes (A) 254
- OPEN "COM: " 260
- PRINT # 270
- PRINT USING 272
- PRIVATE 276
- RESTORE 284
- SELECT…CASE…END SELECT 290
- SUB…END SUB 292
- WHILE…WEND 298
- $INCLUDE 305
- Chapter 15 308
- CHKDGT$ 313
- COUNTRY$ 319
- SEARCH 347
- TIMEA/TIMEB/TIMEC 354
- Chapter 16 356
- 16.1 Overview 357
- (SYSTEM.FN3) 358
- R/W: Read and write possible 359
- Read and write possible 361
- 16.3 Controlling system 364
- Chapter 17 367
- 17.1 Two Sides 369
- 17.2 Programming Procedure 370
- 'interface% 374
- 17.3 Socket API 375
- Chapter 17. TCP/IP 381
- (Example) 381
- 17.4 FTP Client 384
- [ 3 ] Data Files 388
- 17.4.3 Using FTP Client 391
- User Programs (*.PD3) 392
- [ 5 ] FTP Transfers 393
- 17.5.1 Overview 394
- Function Number List 395
- Function #2 .fcBind 397
- Assign address to socket 397
- Function #3 .fcConnect 398
- Connect socket 398
- Run-time errors: 399
- Function #6 .fcGSckOpt 400
- Get socket option 400
- Function #11 .fcNToHL 403
- Function #12 .fcNToHS 403
- Function #14 .fcRecv 404
- Example: Append operation 406
- Example: Overwrite operation 407
- Function #15 .fcRcvfrom 408
- Function #17 .fcSelect 410
- Monitor socket requests 410
- Return value: (None) 412
- Function #21 .fcFDISSET 413
- Function #22 .fcSend 414
- Function #23 .fcSendto 416
- Function #24 .fcSSckOpt 418
- Set socket options 418
- Function #25 .fcShutdwn 420
- Shut down socket 420
- Function #26 .fcSocket 421
- Create socket 421
- Function #28 .fcClose 423
- Close socket 423
- Function #40 .fcTSetup 424
- Function #41 .fcTCnnSys 425
- Function #42 .fcTCnnUsr 426
- Function #43 .fcTDiscnn 428
- Function #44 .fcTSysGet 429
- Get TCP/IP system settings 429
- Function #45 .fcTSysSet 430
- Set TCP/IP system settings 430
- Function #46 .fcTStsGet 431
- Get TCP socket status 431
- 17.6 FTP Library (FTP.FN3) 432
- Reply Codes 433
- Function #1 .fcFTPOpnS 435
- Function #2 .fcFTPOpnU 436
- Function #3 .fcFTPClos 437
- Close FTP client session 437
- Function #4 .fcPWD 438
- Function #5 .fcCWD 439
- Function #6 .fcRETR 440
- Function #7 .fcSTOR 444
- Upload file to FTP server 444
- Function #8 .fcFSysGet 446
- Get FTP system settings 446
- Function #9 .fcFSysSet 447
- Change FTP system settings 447
- Function #10 .fcRNFR 448
- Function #11 .fcPORT 449
- Function #12 .fcDELE 450
- Delete file from FTP server 450
- Chapter 18 451
- 18.1.1 Introduction 452
- 18.1.2 System Components 453
- Availabl 454
- 18.2 Programming Overview 455
- Vicinity (Inquiry) 457
- Chapter 18. Bluetooth 461
- 18.2.3.4 Service Discovery 466
- 18.2.4 Programming Notes 468
- 18.2.4.3 Resume Operation 471
- User Program 473
- Functions 474
- [#]filenumber 476
- Syntax errors: 477
- Syntax errors:Syntax errors: 477
- (BT.FN3) 489
- Function #1 .fcBTGetVal 490
- Function #2 .fcBTSetVal 491
- Function #3 .fcBTGetStr 492
- Function #4 .fcBTSetStr 494
- Function #7 .fcBTSysVer 495
- Function #8 .fcBTDevInf 496
- Function #9 .fcBTRmtNam 498
- Get remote device name 498
- Function #10 .fcBTInqRes 500
- Function #11 .fcBTRmtInf 502
- Function #12 .fcBTGetStt 503
- Read connection status 503
- Function #13 .fcBTGetLnk 504
- Function #14 .fcBTClrLnk 505
- Function #15 .fcBTHold 506
- Control power-saving mode 506
- Function #20 .fcBTChkSnd 508
- Check data transmit result 508
- Function #21 .fcBTGetSvc 510
- Appendices 512
- AppendicesAppendices 512
- A2. Compilation Errors 517
- C1. Character Set 526
- C2. National Character Sets 527
- 'received 547
- 'the initial state 547
- Controlling program flow 549
- Statements 550
- Controlling the LCD screen 551
- Communicating with I/Os 553
- Commenting a program 555
- Manipulating numeric data 555
- Supplement 558
- SupplementSupplement 558
- A.1 Communication 559
- A.2 Bar code reading 560
- A.3 Screen display 561
- IndexIndex 573
- BHT-BASIC 587
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